Burnout and Self-Care in Social Work

Burnout and Self-Care in Social Work: Second Edition

A Guidebook for Students and Those In the Mental Health and Related Professions

In the new edition, SaraKay introduces Societal Burnout as an essential component of burnout and illustrates its interaction with personal, professional, relational, and physical arenas of burnout. She also explores the impact of moral distress and dysfunctional leadership in families, work settings and society; addresses differences between depression and burnout from a psychosocial perspective; and shares vital information about our “inner-self” development. This innovative study can be beneficial to all seeking insight and balance in approaching their personal and professional responsibilities, as well as a reliable “emotional sense of direction” for themselves and their families.

Click here for SaraKay’s other books and reviews.
Click here for interviews & reflections about this book.
Click here for essential themes in Edition 2 of Burnout.

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Living memories

I am grateful to the Philadelphia  Inquirer for publishing this tribute.

Photo Via: Historical Society of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania

If you have lost a loved one, do you ever feel a painful aching loss, not physical, but strongly there? In Jewish tradition, when a family member dies, friends visit to support and comfort the bereaved in a ritual known as shiva. This aching loss was my experience at the shiva held at the home of Phyllis W. Beck, the trailblazing first female member of the Pennsylvania Superior Court who died on March 3. There were countless shared personal experiences, including how Judge Beck offered wise counsel on professional direction, ever supporting successes. My heart seemed to weep, as myriad kindnesses to me flooded my memory. This included how she—somehow, someway—always found what I wrote, regardless of how little known its publishing source, and contacted me with sensitive endorsement.

As shiva progressed, I recalled that during my bat mitzvah year, our Baltimore congregation’s beloved rabbi, Uri Miller, discussed a little-known interpretation of the ritual with our class: Those we love do not realize their soul and spirit have left a body that no longer can serve them. Experiencing loved ones who speak about them, but not to them, informs them their lives on earth are over, and frees their soul and spirit to move onward. It seemed Beck, highly uncomfortable with praise, was with us in spirit and able to endure a full evening of expressed love.

As time passed, I felt as if an apartment were being created inside of me, where she brought her coffee and addictive creamer, cherished photographs, an array of takeout menus for long future dinners, and a birthday cake with the right number of candles. Beck was always 49. My pain eased. For I understood: Death does not end cherished relationships. They continue, even more precious.

SaraKay Smullens
Philadelphia

The Marriage of Empathy and Compassion: A Road to Enhancement, Action, and Change

In these dangerous, draining times, you may find the evidence-based self-protection measures offered for social work and mental health colleagues helpful. We must do all possible to remain strong together.

Photo credit Bigstockphoto Arloo

Read the full commentary on socialworker.com

by SaraKay Smullens, MSW, LCSW, DCSW, CGP, CFLE, BCD

First and foremost, happy Social Work Month! We are each deeply fortunate to be part of our proud and historic profession. Our profession is one that asks a great deal of us and often has been labeled as “an impossible” one. A key reason is the resources necessary for our clients are rarely available to the extent they are needed, and far too often those in positions of power are highly insensitive to their importance for a healthy society,

For these reasons, societal burnout permeates, exacerbating other forms of burnout originating from work stress and those that may also exist in our personal relationships. Signs of overload we experience express themselves physically through exhaustion, as well as illness.

To alleviate this overload, through the years, I’ve researched key ways to provide relief in preserving and protecting strength, leading to more productive and attuned relationships with our clients. One direction of study relates specifically to our Social Work Month theme this year—Compassion and Action—where findings point to the relationship between compassion, empathy, and action. Before my investigation, I saw the concepts of empathy and compassion as one in the same. However, research led to understanding key differences, ones that understanding can help us to preserve energy…

Stick together

March 28, 2025: I am grateful that The Philadelphia Inquirer posted the following letter today.

To the Editor:

When my 6-year-old granddaughter was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes, making her dependent on injected insulin to live, the singer-songwriter Nick Jonas, who also has Type 1, became her hero. If he could handle this evil disease, she figured, so could she. Two years later, she testified before the Food and Drug Administration about the necessity of research into creating an artificial pancreas to save the lives of children, and quoted a line from one of Jonas’ songs, “A Little Bit Longer”: You don’t know what you’ve got till it’s gone. Shortly after, the FDA stepped up its work to develop a system to automatically supply insulin to the body. Today, facing devastating and haphazard cuts, it probably could not.

Surely, most people who support our 47th president do not do so with the intention of injuring vulnerable children or adults in crisis. They support him because he has skillfully convinced them he cares about them. Surely also, the ultimate threat of isolating us from our allies while praising despots has not sunk in. Supporters don’t yet realize that they, too — that all of us — are in grave danger because Donald Trump’s ultimate dream is to divide the world with the tyrants he respects and wishes to emulate.

History validates that a nation’s power begins to unravel as leaders encourage a violation of the boundaries of decency, and when concern for the well-being of others is ignored. Let’s fight Trump with a passionate defense of truth — in every possible way. In addition to our courts, each member of Congress who cherishes America’s founding principles must call town halls to motivate purposeful choices for action and involvement. Outreach to the White House and Republican elected officials must unceasingly convey that we are not afraid — that we refuse to be cowed, fooled, or pitted against each other. Because, as my granddaughter warned: You don’t know what you have till it’s gone.

Sarakay Smullens, Philadelphia Inquirer

Events

SaraKay has presented her findings and spoken regularly at many conferences and conducted many workshops through the years. She has also been invited to book clubs and private gatherings. Additionally, she has appeared on television and radio shows.

Selected Presentations Include:
  • Presentation for Temple University Osher Lifelong Learning Institute
  • Speaker: SSWLHC 2021
  • Webinar: PA Patient Safety Authority (PAPSA): “Examination and Addressing Healthcare Professional Burnout, From Burnout to Resiliency”
  • Webinar: American College of Medical Quality (ACMQ): “Examination and Addressing Physician Burnout, From Burnout to Resiliency”
  • Webinar: Hospital Association of Rhode Island (HARI): “From Burnout to Resiliency”
  • SKMC Faculty Quality Leadership (QIPS): “Examination and Addressing Physician Burnout”
  • SKMC Student Physician Leadership (PEL): “Avoiding Burnout: Reigniting the Fire”
  • Webinar Connecticut Hospital Association: “From Burnout to Resiliency”
  • “Beyond Burnout: The Creation of a Fulfilling Marriage Between Self-Care and an Emotional Sense of Direction,” The Inaugural Mary Ann Komaran Symposium, Royal Alexandria Hospital of Alberta, Canada
  • Webinar: Child Hub for South East Europe, “The Journey From Compassion Fatigue to Compassion Satisfaction”
  • Care Gathering at the Philadelphia County Medical Society (to highlight the   epidemic of suicides among physicians and medical students)
  • The National Meeting of the National Association of Social Workers
  • “From Compassion Fatigue to Compassion Satisfaction: A Concentration on the Development of a Reliable Emotional Sense of Direction,” Tuttleman Educational Seminar, Magee Rehabilitation Hospital
  • “Beyond Burnout, Its Prevalence and Toll: The Creation of a Fulfilling Relationship Between Self-Care and an Emotional Sense of Direction,” NASW-PA
  • “Beyond Burnout, Its Prevalence and Toll: The Creation of a Fulfilling Marriage Between Self-Care and an Emotional Sense of Direction,” 30th Annual Social Work Symposium, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota
  • “The Overlooked “Self” in Self-Care: Alleviating and Preventing Burnout in Group and Therapist with Common Sense and Individualized Creativity,” AGPA
  • “A Committed and Fulfilling Marriage Between Self-Care and An Emotional Sense of Direction,” NASW-PA
  • “Achieving an Emotional Sense of Direction: A Response to Pervasive Societal Burnout,” NASW National Conference
  • The William J. Neff, Sr. Symposium: Prevention of Crimes Against Older Adults: Avoiding Burnout of Care Givers
  • “Safety and Self-Care.” NASW-PA Philadelphia Division at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy and Practice
  • Webinar: “Facing the Demons Head-On: The Impact of Burnout” NASW
  • Suicide and Depression in the Medical Profession, Pennsylvania Medical Society
  • Numerous discussions on the film, The Tale, with Jennifer Fox
  • Webinar for students at California’s Brandman University: focus individual, professional, and societal burnout
  • The Athenaeum
  • Jewish Family and Children’s Service
  • Goucher College Book Fair
  • Jewish Family and Children’s Service Viewing of THE TALE: with Jennifer Fox
  • American Group Psychotherapy Association Presentation: with Jennifer Fox
  • Rhode Island Hospital Association, With Stanton Smullens
  • American Council of Graduate Medical Education, With Stanton Smullens
  • Pennsylvania Patient Authority, With Stanton Smullens
  • Jefferson Medical School Students, With Stanton Smullens
  • Jefferson Hospital Departmental Quality Improvement Directors, With Stanton Smullens
  • SP2 Celebrates Inaugural Inductees at Alumni Hall of Fame Ceremony
  • NASW 2018 Conference: Intensive: From Compassion Fatigue to Compassion Satisfaction: The Road to An Emotional Sense of Direction
  • Panel Discussion With Jennifer Fox, writer and director of THE TALE
  • "The Meaning of Friendship" at Penn’s Village
  • An Introduction to the LiveWell Program: A Peer-Led, Guided Self-Care Wellness Program for Depression
  • The National Meeting of the National Association of Social Workers
  • The University of Pennsylvania School of Social Work (now the School of Social Policy and Practice)
  • The American Group Psychotherapy Association
  • Care Gathering at the Philadelphia County Medical Society (which highlighted the suicides of physicians and medical students)
  • The William J. Neff, Sr. Symposium: Prevention of Crimes Against Older Adults
  • Pennsylvania Chapter Of The National Association Of Social Workers 
  • Various Book Clubs, Organizations, and Living Rooms discussions
  • Child Hub for South East Europe, The journey from compassion fatigue to compassion satisfaction: addr essing burnout with an emphasis on the self in self-care
  • The American Group Psychotherapy Association Annual Meeting
  • Mayo Clinic, Full-day Symposium on Burn Out and Self-Care
  • AmeriCorps Alums: Philadelphia Chapter
  • Royal Alexandra Hospital System, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
  • Magee Hospital
  • Dr. Guy Freed Educational Seminar: Tuttleman Family Foundation, Magee Hospital
  • Discussion Group: The Positive Agers: for those over age 50
  • Various book clubs and discussion groups
A photo of Sarakay Smullens

SaraKay Smullens

Social Worker, Life Activist, Educator, Psychotherapist

SaraKay Smullens, LCSW, ACSW, BCD, DCSW, CGP, CFLE, whose private and pro bono clinical social work practice is in Philadelphia, is a certified group psychotherapist and family life educator. In addition to her clinical emphasis, a long-standing professional priority has been to bring social work awareness and psychological insights to the public at large, and through this process join those devoted to addressing and alleviating divisiveness and rage in families, work settings, and society through education, advocacy, and activism.

SaraKay's activist roots began in her hometown, Baltimore, where as a child she witnessed the evils and degradation of the Jim Crow laws. While in undergraduate school at Goucher College, then a women’s college located in Baltimore, she successfully led a two-year campus coalition to end segregation in Towson, Maryland, the Baltimore suburb where Goucher College is located. A graduation award for this initiative led to an introduction to John F. Kennedy at the Democratic Convention in 1960, and subsequent employment at the Democratic National Committee, where she became a regional coordinator for young Democrats. It was President Kennedy who recommended social work to her as a profession.

In graduate school at Catholic University’s National Catholic School of Social Service in Washington, DC when President Kennedy was assassinated, she transferred to the University of Pennsylvania to complete her degree, where her scholarship and stipend were continued. The enormous impact of this year at Penn is documented in her fourth book, a second edition of Burnout and Self-Care in Social Work: A Guide for Students and Those in Mental Health and Related Professions, Work (publication date, October, 2021, NASW Press). The edition adds the dangers of societal burnout to the concentration on the personal, professional, relational, physical, and societal arenas in our lives where burnout is found — and the causes, warning signs, and evidence based self-care approaches to alleviate their danger and toll, The second edition also offers a fuller explanation of the differences between burnout and depression; and the impact of dysfunctional leadership in every facet of our lives, and democracy as a whole.

When Lynne Abraham became Philadelphia’s first woman District Attorney, she offered SaraKay an extraordinary pro bono opportunity: With the input of psychiatric consultation, she worked with staff to carefully select first offenders in domestic violence cases where there were no fatalities. In lieu of incarceration individuals and their families were offered intensive group psychotherapy, augmented by individual, couple, and family therapy and family life education. Her pro bono practice continues.

A best selling author. SaraKay’s articles and commentaries have appeared in peer-reviewed journals, newspapers, magazines, and blogs. Her articles about domestic abuse contributed to the reform of brutal, archaic Pennsylvania divorce laws. Her investigation of invisible patterns of emotional abuse, always part of physical and sexual violence, led to their independent codification. It also led to the founding of the Sabbath of Domestic Peace, an initiative focused on the involvement of Philadelphia clergy, identified as “a missing link,” in addressing the epidemic of domestic abuse and violence.

SaraKay’s professional papers and memorabilia are divided between the Archives of the University of Pennsylvania, Goucher College, and the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. A recipient of numerous awards, in 2019 SaraKay was one of five graduates of the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy and Practice inducted into its Inaugural Hall of Fame.

 
      
The outline of a trophy encased in a circle

Awards and Honors

  • Society for Social Work Leadership’s 2021 Kermit B. Nash Award
  • Lifetime Achievement Award from the Pennsylvania chapter of NASW
  • NASW Media Award
    Best Magazine Article
  • Woman Leader of Distinction Award The Eastern Region Women's Ministry Pennsylvania Baptist State Convention
  • Honored Author, Diamond Jubilee Borrowers Ball
    The Free Library of Phildelphia
  • Louise Waterman Wise Award
    American Jewish Congress,
    Pennsylvania Region
  • Peace Medal, Women’s International
    League for Peace and Freedom
    Maryland Chapter
  • NASW Media Award
    "What I Wish I Had Known: Burnout and Self-Care In our Social Work Profession."
    The New Social Worker
 
   
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Professional Credentials and Memberships

  • Academy of Certified Social Workers
  • Authors Guild
  • Fellow, Pennsylvania Society for Clinical Social Work
  • National Association of Social Workers (NASW)
  • Pennsylvania Chapter, NASW
  • National Council on Family Relations (Certified Family Life Educator)
  • American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA), Certified Group Psychotherapist
  • Pennsylvania Chapter, (AGPA)