Burnout and Self-Care in Social Work

Burnout and Self-Care in Social Work: Second Edition

A Guidebook for Students and Those In the Mental Health and Related Professions

In the new edition, SaraKay introduces Societal Burnout as an essential component of burnout and illustrates its interaction with personal, professional, relational, and physical arenas of burnout. She also explores the impact of moral distress and dysfunctional leadership in families, work settings and society; addresses differences between depression and burnout from a psychosocial perspective; and shares vital information about our “inner-self” development. This innovative study can be beneficial to all seeking insight and balance in approaching their personal and professional responsibilities, as well as a reliable “emotional sense of direction” for themselves and their families.

Click here for SaraKay’s other books and reviews.
Click here for interviews & reflections about this book.
Click here for essential themes in Edition 2 of Burnout.

Latest Articles

Letter to the Editor: Price of Loyalty

I am pleased that The Philadelphia Inquirer published the following letter this morning, December 20th, 2024

To the editor:

I wince every time I read that Kamala Harris is responsible for the enormous Democratic defeat in November. In the most confusing of times, she ably carried the mantle and stressed that we have more in common than the issues that divide us. However, what was not faced by those managing her campaign was that for years the Democratic Party has been losing touch — taking for granted the millions of constituents it had relied upon.  

The reasons for this are extremely complicated and will be closely analyzed. To me, leadership existed in a bubble of assurance that they were undoubtedly the best and the brightest and wanted no input from those of us in the trenches who tried mightily to communicate with them about the support they were losing. 

What unsettles me most is that Harris is being largely castigated for not abandoning her loyalty and throwing President Joe Biden under the bus. In essence, she is being scapegoated when she should be deeply thanked for her example of character, her enormous effort, and her devotion to each of us and the rule of law. My dream is that before Biden leaves office he will award Harris the Presidential Medal of Freedom. The ceremony would take place before Jan. 20 and serve as a reminder that until that time, and although he doesn’t seem to realize it, Donald Trump is not our president.

Published in The Philadelphia Inquirer December 20, 2024

Film Review: Wicked Part One: The Personal is the Political

With gratitude to Dr. Bettie Bassett-Roundtree, social work mentor and inspiration.

Image Credit: 2024 Universal Pictures

by SaraKay Smullens, MSW, LCSW, DCSW, CGP, CFLE, BCD

Dr. Bettie Bassett-Roundtree

As we approached Thanksgiving and the holiday season, many—perhaps most—in our proud, historic profession struggled with the toll of societal burnout, the simmering anger and divisions in our country, our world, also reflected within our profession. My sadness was intensified by the imminent death of an extraordinary mentor and irreplaceable friend, Dr. Bettie Bassett-Roundtree, who entered my life when I transferred to the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Work (now the School of Social Policy and Practice). In all academic and supervisory contacts, Dr. Bassett-Roundtree’s underlying message was hand in glove with the moral insights of our profession: all human beings long for love, opportunity to meet basic needs, freedom of expression. All of humanity have far more in common than what divides us, and personal developmental opportunities determine our ability to grow to maturity and create and protect institutions devoted to this process.  

     I entered the movie theater on the Tuesday evening before Thanksgiving, never expecting part one of the film Wicked (part two is expected in a year) to offer the truths and depth reflected in the 2003 Broadway production. But I was wrong, very wrong. The message of this extraordinary film not only mirrors the truths seen on stage. It illuminates the foundation of social work principles—the insights, awareness, and direction the social work relationship can offer those we are privileged to work with, whatever our concentration.

     The evolution of the books, stage, and film expressions of The Wizard of Oz is long and complex, but as capsule comment, most know the Dorothy (Judy Garland) 1939 rendition, adapted from the 1900 children’s novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum. The film’s (and Baum’s) golden messages: to succeed in life, you must follow the path (the yellow brick road) to intelligence (the Scarecrow), guts (the Lion), and heart (the Tin Man). Wicked witches can and must be destroyed, and above all, there’s no place like home.

     While the classic The Wizard of Oz is mesmerizing, it is also simplistic, skirting cruel, destructive realities. Many homes are not safe, they are tortuous; those who express hate have known its poison in formative years; sociopaths who rise to power yearn to destroy freedoms and dominate all societal attempts to provide them. Further, there is no one true “yellow brick road” to follow. We are each unique. Our individual “emotional sense of direction” helps us move toward fulfillment, learning from and strengthened by inevitable jolts that lead to altered paths.

     Enter the musical Wicked (2003), based on Gregory Maguire’s 1995 novel, Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West. Dorothy and illusion are gone, replaced by reality. The supposedly wicked witch is an innocent, rejected, tormented child, now scapegoated as evil by those who fear her moral force and vision. We see there are those who paint themselves as loving, who are anything but. We see that life is not only unfair; it can be ruthlessly unjust.

     Directed by John M. Chu, known for his full scale, over-the-top films where talent thrives (Crazy Rich Asians and In the Heights), Chu does not disappoint in his rendering of truth. His ensemble casting is seamless. The expansive choreography, scores and music, and the voices and dance that give them life offer enchantment, extended to set designs and costuming, be they in Munchkinland, Emerald City, or the campus of Shiz University, where the film opens. This genius bonding keeps us glued to screen drama, despite its length. One hundred sixty minutes seem to fly by.

     Not surprisingly, Chu’s Wicked gifts audiences with two magnificent leads. We are riveted by Elphaba, played by the Emmy, Grammy, and Tony winning talent extraordinaire, Cynthia Erivo (Harriet, The Color Purple). Hated by her father, a traveling salesman as well as corrupt governor of Munchkinland, and rejected by her floozy mom who conceived her during a one-night (or perhaps two, or three) stand. To her parents, Elphaba is living proof of their curse: her skin is green. As with our clients determined, often against great odds, to rise above brutal rejection, we are with Elphaba, rooting for her, as she begins to discover her power, face her shame, and discover why her skin matches Emerald City.

     Audiences are also riveted by the delightful presence of Ariana Grande-Butera, a Grammy winning, multi-platinum superstar, who plays the adorably flirtatious, slightly awkward, narcissistic Galinda, later Glinda the Good, a living example of the impairment of overprotection and overindulgence. Molded by over-the-top privilege and fierce ambition, we watch Glinda begin to discover the importance and power of love and authentic connection. Even the Prince she yearns for, played by the multi-talented Jonathan Bailey (Bridgerton), becomes captivated by Elphaba’s depth of conscience and decency.

Development of the relationship between Elphaba and Glinda, who start out as enemies but become devoted friends, caring deeply for the well being of the other, underscores the message of the film: Despite all, love must be protected. Personal, individual developmental opportunities mold this capacity to care beyond ourselves, while corrupt leadership, in our homes, our work settings, and beyond destroy it. To quote Bettie Bassett-Roundtree, the Personal is the Political. At a time when desperately needed, the blended genius that created Wicked: Part One offers the magnificent beauty of hope.

Read the full review on socialworker.com

SaraKay with family during Wicked intermission, Broadway production (2011)

Letter to the Editor: Standing Strong

At this time of frightening division, manifesting societal burnout, I am grateful that the Inquirer printed my Thanksgiving submission.

Heather Khalifa / Philadelphia Inquirer Staff Photographer

To the editor:

I am thankful for the millions who refuse to be constrained by knee-jerk categories. The ones who are there, rich with common sense and concern for others, asking for no thanks, recognition, or acclaim, but when the hurricane comes — in whatever its form or expression, in ways that are the story of America’s endurance — they find each other, determined to either save or restore what is precious.

This group understands that in every human catastrophe, before there can be clarity of direction, we must be brave enough to recognize what went wrong and why — regardless of how unsettling. Something “we the people” can reveal far better than polls. I am grateful that in our city, unlike in Washington and Los Angeles where presidential endorsements were not allowed by newspaper owners, we have The Inquirer committed to this process. Devoted to the well-being and endurance of our proud, historic, complex city — where owners, reporters, and columnists pinpoint truths, regardless of the stony paths they necessitate.

Published in The Philadelphia Inquirer November 28, 2024

Events

SaraKay has presented her findings and spoken regularly at many conferences and conducted many workshops through the years. She has also been invited to book clubs and private gatherings. Additionally, she has appeared on television and radio shows.

Selected Presentations Include:
  • Presentation for Temple University Osher Lifelong Learning Institute
  • Speaker: SSWLHC 2021
  • Webinar: PA Patient Safety Authority (PAPSA): “Examination and Addressing Healthcare Professional Burnout, From Burnout to Resiliency”
  • Webinar: American College of Medical Quality (ACMQ): “Examination and Addressing Physician Burnout, From Burnout to Resiliency”
  • Webinar: Hospital Association of Rhode Island (HARI): “From Burnout to Resiliency”
  • SKMC Faculty Quality Leadership (QIPS): “Examination and Addressing Physician Burnout”
  • SKMC Student Physician Leadership (PEL): “Avoiding Burnout: Reigniting the Fire”
  • Webinar Connecticut Hospital Association: “From Burnout to Resiliency”
  • “Beyond Burnout: The Creation of a Fulfilling Marriage Between Self-Care and an Emotional Sense of Direction,” The Inaugural Mary Ann Komaran Symposium, Royal Alexandria Hospital of Alberta, Canada
  • Webinar: Child Hub for South East Europe, “The Journey From Compassion Fatigue to Compassion Satisfaction”
  • Care Gathering at the Philadelphia County Medical Society (to highlight the   epidemic of suicides among physicians and medical students)
  • The National Meeting of the National Association of Social Workers
  • “From Compassion Fatigue to Compassion Satisfaction: A Concentration on the Development of a Reliable Emotional Sense of Direction,” Tuttleman Educational Seminar, Magee Rehabilitation Hospital
  • “Beyond Burnout, Its Prevalence and Toll: The Creation of a Fulfilling Relationship Between Self-Care and an Emotional Sense of Direction,” NASW-PA
  • “Beyond Burnout, Its Prevalence and Toll: The Creation of a Fulfilling Marriage Between Self-Care and an Emotional Sense of Direction,” 30th Annual Social Work Symposium, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota
  • “The Overlooked “Self” in Self-Care: Alleviating and Preventing Burnout in Group and Therapist with Common Sense and Individualized Creativity,” AGPA
  • “A Committed and Fulfilling Marriage Between Self-Care and An Emotional Sense of Direction,” NASW-PA
  • “Achieving an Emotional Sense of Direction: A Response to Pervasive Societal Burnout,” NASW National Conference
  • The William J. Neff, Sr. Symposium: Prevention of Crimes Against Older Adults: Avoiding Burnout of Care Givers
  • “Safety and Self-Care.” NASW-PA Philadelphia Division at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy and Practice
  • Webinar: “Facing the Demons Head-On: The Impact of Burnout” NASW
  • Suicide and Depression in the Medical Profession, Pennsylvania Medical Society
  • Numerous discussions on the film, The Tale, with Jennifer Fox
  • Webinar for students at California’s Brandman University: focus individual, professional, and societal burnout
  • The Athenaeum
  • Jewish Family and Children’s Service
  • Goucher College Book Fair
  • Jewish Family and Children’s Service Viewing of THE TALE: with Jennifer Fox
  • American Group Psychotherapy Association Presentation: with Jennifer Fox
  • Rhode Island Hospital Association, With Stanton Smullens
  • American Council of Graduate Medical Education, With Stanton Smullens
  • Pennsylvania Patient Authority, With Stanton Smullens
  • Jefferson Medical School Students, With Stanton Smullens
  • Jefferson Hospital Departmental Quality Improvement Directors, With Stanton Smullens
  • SP2 Celebrates Inaugural Inductees at Alumni Hall of Fame Ceremony
  • NASW 2018 Conference: Intensive: From Compassion Fatigue to Compassion Satisfaction: The Road to An Emotional Sense of Direction
  • Panel Discussion With Jennifer Fox, writer and director of THE TALE
  • "The Meaning of Friendship" at Penn’s Village
  • An Introduction to the LiveWell Program: A Peer-Led, Guided Self-Care Wellness Program for Depression
  • The National Meeting of the National Association of Social Workers
  • The University of Pennsylvania School of Social Work (now the School of Social Policy and Practice)
  • The American Group Psychotherapy Association
  • Care Gathering at the Philadelphia County Medical Society (which highlighted the suicides of physicians and medical students)
  • The William J. Neff, Sr. Symposium: Prevention of Crimes Against Older Adults
  • Pennsylvania Chapter Of The National Association Of Social Workers 
  • Various Book Clubs, Organizations, and Living Rooms discussions
  • Child Hub for South East Europe, The journey from compassion fatigue to compassion satisfaction: addr essing burnout with an emphasis on the self in self-care
  • The American Group Psychotherapy Association Annual Meeting
  • Mayo Clinic, Full-day Symposium on Burn Out and Self-Care
  • AmeriCorps Alums: Philadelphia Chapter
  • Royal Alexandra Hospital System, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
  • Magee Hospital
  • Dr. Guy Freed Educational Seminar: Tuttleman Family Foundation, Magee Hospital
  • Discussion Group: The Positive Agers: for those over age 50
  • Various book clubs and discussion groups
A photo of Sarakay Smullens

SaraKay Smullens

Social Worker, Life Activist, Educator, Psychotherapist

SaraKay Smullens, LCSW, ACSW, BCD, DCSW, CGP, CFLE, whose private and pro bono clinical social work practice is in Philadelphia, is a certified group psychotherapist and family life educator. In addition to her clinical emphasis, a long-standing professional priority has been to bring social work awareness and psychological insights to the public at large, and through this process join those devoted to addressing and alleviating divisiveness and rage in families, work settings, and society through education, advocacy, and activism.

SaraKay's activist roots began in her hometown, Baltimore, where as a child she witnessed the evils and degradation of the Jim Crow laws. While in undergraduate school at Goucher College, then a women’s college located in Baltimore, she successfully led a two-year campus coalition to end segregation in Towson, Maryland, the Baltimore suburb where Goucher College is located. A graduation award for this initiative led to an introduction to John F. Kennedy at the Democratic Convention in 1960, and subsequent employment at the Democratic National Committee, where she became a regional coordinator for young Democrats. It was President Kennedy who recommended social work to her as a profession.

In graduate school at Catholic University’s National Catholic School of Social Service in Washington, DC when President Kennedy was assassinated, she transferred to the University of Pennsylvania to complete her degree, where her scholarship and stipend were continued. The enormous impact of this year at Penn is documented in her fourth book, a second edition of Burnout and Self-Care in Social Work: A Guide for Students and Those in Mental Health and Related Professions, Work (publication date, October, 2021, NASW Press). The edition adds the dangers of societal burnout to the concentration on the personal, professional, relational, physical, and societal arenas in our lives where burnout is found — and the causes, warning signs, and evidence based self-care approaches to alleviate their danger and toll, The second edition also offers a fuller explanation of the differences between burnout and depression; and the impact of dysfunctional leadership in every facet of our lives, and democracy as a whole.

When Lynne Abraham became Philadelphia’s first woman District Attorney, she offered SaraKay an extraordinary pro bono opportunity: With the input of psychiatric consultation, she worked with staff to carefully select first offenders in domestic violence cases where there were no fatalities. In lieu of incarceration individuals and their families were offered intensive group psychotherapy, augmented by individual, couple, and family therapy and family life education. Her pro bono practice continues.

A best selling author. SaraKay’s articles and commentaries have appeared in peer-reviewed journals, newspapers, magazines, and blogs. Her articles about domestic abuse contributed to the reform of brutal, archaic Pennsylvania divorce laws. Her investigation of invisible patterns of emotional abuse, always part of physical and sexual violence, led to their independent codification. It also led to the founding of the Sabbath of Domestic Peace, an initiative focused on the involvement of Philadelphia clergy, identified as “a missing link,” in addressing the epidemic of domestic abuse and violence.

SaraKay’s professional papers and memorabilia are divided between the Archives of the University of Pennsylvania, Goucher College, and the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. A recipient of numerous awards, in 2019 SaraKay was one of five graduates of the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy and Practice inducted into its Inaugural Hall of Fame.

 
      
The outline of a trophy encased in a circle

Awards and Honors

  • Society for Social Work Leadership’s 2021 Kermit B. Nash Award
  • Lifetime Achievement Award from the Pennsylvania chapter of NASW
  • NASW Media Award
    Best Magazine Article
  • Woman Leader of Distinction Award The Eastern Region Women's Ministry Pennsylvania Baptist State Convention
  • Honored Author, Diamond Jubilee Borrowers Ball
    The Free Library of Phildelphia
  • Louise Waterman Wise Award
    American Jewish Congress,
    Pennsylvania Region
  • Peace Medal, Women’s International
    League for Peace and Freedom
    Maryland Chapter
  • NASW Media Award
    "What I Wish I Had Known: Burnout and Self-Care In our Social Work Profession."
    The New Social Worker
 
   
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Professional Credentials and Memberships

  • Academy of Certified Social Workers
  • Authors Guild
  • Fellow, Pennsylvania Society for Clinical Social Work
  • National Association of Social Workers (NASW)
  • Pennsylvania Chapter, NASW
  • National Council on Family Relations (Certified Family Life Educator)
  • American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA), Certified Group Psychotherapist
  • Pennsylvania Chapter, (AGPA)